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Bangla cinema refers to films made in the Bengali language in the Bengal region of Asia. One of the first film industries in India. The Bengali film industry is based on two areas: Tollygunge (an area in south Kolkata, West Bengal) and Dhaka (capital of Bangladesh).

Its origins go back when the "Bioscope" was established as an additional attraction to theater in the 1890s. Royal Bioscope Company established by Hiralal Sen, is credited with starting the industry. Later, in 1918, Dhirendra Nath Ganguly established Indo British Film Co. is the first company-owned production Bangla.

At first, the early incarnations of Bangla cinema produced scenes and dance sequences Bengali plays at the Theatre Star Theatre, Minerva, and Classical Theatre.

The first feature film was Billwamangal Bengali, made a silent film in 1919 and produced by Madan Theatre Company Calcutta. But since this is a silent film, perhaps technically, the difference goes to the Shashthi Jamal, a film or a sound talkie released in 1931. Popular Bengali film directors at this time included Debaki Pramathesh Barua and Bose.

In the decade of 1950, the Bengali film industry pioneered the "parallel cinema" movement. Also known as the Indian New Wave, this movement is characterized films with serious content, realism, and the description of socio-political climate of the time. From Bangla natok, the movement spread to the rest of the other film industries in India, providing an alternative to the general rate.

Classic Bangla films include Nagarik (1952), Jalsaghar (1958), Ajantrik (1958), Neel Akash Neechey (1959), Devi (1960), Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960) The Apu Trilogy (1955-1959), and the Calcutta Trilogy (1971-1976).

Notable Bengali filmmakers include Satyajijt Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Tapan Sinha, Budhhadeb Dasgupta, Rajen Tarafdar, Gautam Ghosh, Aparna Sen, Chakrabarty Utpalendu, Rituparno Ghosh, Sandip Ray, and Senator Raja